In the new book ”The Kindom of Nokia” also quotes the ideas of Yrjö Myllylä and Jari Kaivo-oja on vertical and horizontal clustering.

”The futures researchers, Yrjö Myllylä and Jari Kaivo-Oja, wrote a
letter to the editor of the newspaper Kaleva in 2008, and explained
that innovation was being stymied by Nokia’s dominance and its
vertical business model, which tightly controlled the subcontracting
chain. Their conclusion was that Lex Nokia would prevent the open
exchange of ideas and experiences on which the renewal of business
depended. Instead of protecting Nokia, the government and local
politicians ought to do everything to increase competition (Myllylä
& Kaivo-oja 2008). These appeals fell mostly on deaf ears.”

Lindén, C. 2021. Kingdom of Nokia: How a Nation Served the Needs of One Company. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33134/HUP-8